Protist

Multiple dictyostelid species destroy biofilms of Klebsiella oxytoca and other Gram negative species
Dean Sanders, Katarzyna D. Borys, Fikrullah Kisa, Sheryl A. Rakowski, Marcela Lozano and Marcin Filutowicz
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Videos of K. oxytoca biofilm erosion by dictyostelids

Time lapse microscopy at 40x Magnification      (video time in mm:ss)


Isolate

Biofilm
erosion

Speed of
erosion

Hallmarks of progression
and other notes

Control

None
(2.5 days)

Not
Applicable

Slight haze arises from condensed water on the lid.

AX3

Advanced
(1.5 days)

Fast

T=00:25 - Cooperation between cells.
T=00:33 - Biofilm destroyed. Cells spread out seeking prey.

WS-142

Advanced
(1.3 days)

Fast

T=00:22 - Exponential dictyostelid growth.
T=00:56 - Aggregation.
T=01:13 - Fruiting body formation.

WS-309

Incomplete
(1.8 days)

Medium

T=00:27 - Major biofilm structural breakdown is apparent.
T=00:36 - Late stage aggregation and fruiting.

WS-647

Incomplete
(1.8 days)

Medium

T=00:26 - Myxamoebae begin to aggregate.
T=00:40 - A slug forms.

Salvador

Advanced
(2.4 days)

Slow

T=00:24 - Exponential dictyostelid growth.
T=00:45  Multicellular aggregation.

 

Time lapse microscopy at 320x Magnification


Isolate

Movement
on/in biofilm

Apparent biofilm consumption strategy

Salvador

Possible 3-dimensional movement.

Cooperative - Myxamoebae jointly attack large chunks of attached bacterial cells.

WS-142

3-dimensional throughout the biofilm as shown by CSLM

Cooperative - Similar to Salvador but higher efficiency. Myxamoebae collectively attack large clusters of attached biofilm breaking it to smaller edible chunks.

 

CLSM 3-D imaging of WS-142 - K. oxytoca predator/prey interaction

Position:

Top_Z_stack

Bottom_Z_stack